Diphtheria
Information about diphtheria immunisation funded under the Immunise Australia Program.
Diphtheria is an acute illness caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Toxins (poisonous substances) produced by the bacteria affect the respiratory tract (lung and windpipe), nervous system, adrenal gland and heart muscle cells. Diphtheria is spread by droplets or direct contact with wounds and materials soiled by infected persons. 7% of people who contract diphtheria die from it.
It takes between 2 and 5 days after infection for symptoms to show. The disease mainly affects the respiratory tract, but skin can also become infected. The bacteria form a ‘membrane’ of dead white blood cells in the upper respiratory tract, causing breathing difficulties. The diphtheria toxin can cause nerve and heart damage.
Diphtheria is a vaccine preventable disease. Diphtheria vaccination is recommended as part of routine childhood immunisation. It is listed on the National Immunisation Program (NIP) Schedule and funded for children under the Immunise Australia Program. To receive diphtheria immunisation, visit your local doctor or immunisation provider. It is important to note that the vaccine is provided at no cost, however, a consultation fee may apply.
Doses of vaccine are given at 2, 4 and 6 months of age, with booster doses at 4 years and 15-17 years. Immunisation against diphtheria is achieved using combination vaccines. For information about diphtheria immunisation in your area contact your State or Territory Health Department. For technical information or information about vaccines, refer to the diphtheria section of the Australian Immunisation Handbook 9th Edition 2008 (NHMRC).
Page last modified: 18 May, 2011